"ოქროს საწმისის” სახისმეტყველება

      argonavtebis miTologiuri versia uZvelesia  da win uswrebs troas Tqmulebas. mas Zv.w.II aTaswleulis I naxevriT aTariReben.

 miuxedavad siZvelisa, “argonavtikisa” da “oqros sawmisis” Tema ukvdavia. Semdgom saukuneebSi da dResac fiqris, gansjisa da aRmafrenis wyaros warmoadgens.

    “argonavtika” antikuri xanis mwerlobis dauSretel wyarod iqca, romelic mTlianad an epizodebis saxiT safuZvlad daedo mraval literaturul qmnilebas. maT Soris, mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT umTavresia homerosis “iliada” da “odisea (Zv.w.XII-VIIss.), evripides “medea” (Zv.w.Vs.), apolonios rodoselis “argonavtika” (Zv.w.IIIs.), romaeli poetis valerius flakusis amave saxelwodebis poema (I saukune) da mravali sxva. farTod aisaxa argonavtebis motivebi saxviT xelovnebaSi, musikasa da sxva.  

    mudmiv interess iwvevs oqros sawmisis raobis garkveva. aRniSnuli Temis irgvliv interess gulgrili arc antikuri xanis berZen_romaeli avtorebi dautovebia. maTi azriT, es iyo tyavze dawerili tabudadebuli saidumlo cnoba kolxuri meTodiT oqros miRebis Sesaxeb.

    straboni (Zv.w.Is.) Tavis geografiul TxzulebaSi werda, rom svaneTSi mdinareebs CamoaqvT oqro, rasac svanebi daxvretili varclebiTa da bewviani tyavebiT agroveben. aqedan gavrcelda miTi oqros sawmisian tyavze.

     pliniusis (Is.) cnobiT, kavkasiis mTebSi cxovroben daumorCilebeli svanebi, romlebic ewevian oqros mopovebas, isini cnobilni arian TavianTi oqros sawmisebiT.  

     apiane (IIs.) “romis istoriis” XII wignSi (“miTridates omebis istoria”) wers: kavkasionidan mraval nakaduls uCinari oqros qviSa Camoaqvs. garSemo mcxovreblebi nakadSi xSirbewvian cxvris tyavebs deben da maTze daleqil qviSas agroveben. swored amgvari iyo aietis oqros sawmisi.

    aseve arsebobs mosazreba “oqros sawmisis” e.w kvirbebTanTan dakavSirebisa. kvirbebis Taobaze gadmocema cnobili xdeba apolonios rodoselis (Zv.w.IIIs.) “argonavtikidan“. romelic gvamcnobs, rodesac berZnebma kolxeTSi imogzaures, im dros kolxebs Senaxuli hqondaT TavianTi winaprebis mier naweri kvirbebi (anu rukebi), romelzedac dedamiwis irgvliv samogzaurod zRvis da xmeleTis yvela gza da sazRvari iyo naCvenebi. rogorc Cans, kolxeTSi arsebuli es “naweri” rukebi, Zalian Zveli iyo, radgan kolxebi maT winaparTa danatovar relikviebad miiCnevdnen da sagangebod inaxavdnen.

    zemoT moyvanili yvela axsna “oqros sawmisis” mniSvnelobisa, praqtikuli mizniTaa gansazRvruli da ara simbolur enaze axsnili. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqme gvaqvs miTologiasTan, romlis miRma yovelTvis sakraluri da paradigmulia sagulisxmebeli.

 

cxvari, “oqros sawmisis” personifikaciaa. misis simboluri arsi simdidris, siuxvis, Zala-uflebis sazrisiT ganisazRvreba. amasTan, igi uZvelesi sakulto simbolo _ keTili sawyisicaa da xSirad gvxvdeba rogorc magiuri niSani: fibulebze, gemmebze, beWdebze da a.S. suraTze naCvenebi oqrosZewkvis mzgavsad avgarozis             zardxSiT da sanelsacxebliT

 (armazisxevi II s.)

“oqros sawmisis” legendis mixedviT, orqomenis mefis, aTamantis vaJi _ friqse da qaliSvili _ hele avi dedinacvlis inos veragobisagan dasacavad dedam, qalRmerTma nefelem saberZneTidan gaxizna mfrinavi da adamianis xmiT mosaubre, oqrosmatyliani, RvTiuri verZis meSveobiT. friqse (hele zRvaSi Cavarda) verZma aiaSi (kolxeTSi) miiyvana. kolxTa mefe aietma, heliosis (mzis) Zem,  ltolvili ufliswuli Seifara. friqsem ki verZi msxverplad Seswira zevss.  

miTis aRniSnuli pasaJidan naTlad Cans, rom oqrosmatyliani verZi aris “gantevebis vaci”, romelic sakuTari nebiT Seewira zevss (berZnuli miTologiiT RmerTebis RmerTs) friqses “keTildReobis” sanacvlod.

   

     “gantevebis vacis” idea daculia Zvel aRTqmaSi mama abraamis (xalxTa mama) msxverplSewirvis epizodSi. abraamma RvTis brZanebiT, morias mTaze. qvis sakurTxeveli (samsxverplo) aago, SeSa daudo da zed Tavisi  erTaderTi Ze isaaki daawvina, Tumca Semdeg, uflisve gangebiT isaakis sanacvlod saswaulebrivad movlenili verZi Seiwira, srulnayofier msxverplad (είς όλοκαρπωσιαν).  rac winaswarmetyvelurad  moaswavebda, rom verZis wil Seiwireboda qristes ubiwo sxeuli da kravis mzgavsad daikvleboda igi, adamianTa codvebis sanacvlod. “dasaklavad  waiyvanes rogorc kravi” naTqvamia winaswarmetyvelis sityvebSi (esaia, III. 7).   

amdenad, kravi,  wminda werilSi uflis simboluri saxea, romelic mama abraamis batknis mzgavsad daikla adamis modgmis codvaTa gamosaxsnelad, misi sisxliT gaxda SesaZlebeli codvaTa ufskrulidan kacobriobis gamosyidva. TviT qristem msxverplad miuZRvna Tavi RmerTsa da mamas, rodesac tarigis mzgavsad Seiwira misi sxeuli.

     davubrundeT “oqros sawmisis” Temas. sad iqna waRebuli zevss Sewiruli cxvris oqrosmatyliani tyavi? miTis Tanaxmad, igi friqsem kolxeTis mefes uboZa, romelic kolxTa keTildReobis garanti gaxda. mefe aietma Zvifasi ZRveni mdinare fasisis (rioni) napirze, aresis (omis RmerTi berZnul miTosSi) WalaSi, did muxaze Camohkida da mcvelad gveleSapi (piToni, didi gveli) miuCina.

    Tuki uflis simboluri saxe samsxverplo verZia, maSin qristes ukerveli kvarTis simboluri analogi unda iyos “oqros sawmisi”. 

      gadmocemis Tanaxmad, jvarcmis dRes wili iqna nayari qristes ukervel kvarTze. kvarTis Sesaxeb upirvelesi cnobebi wminda werilSi Cndeba. sainteresoa is faqtic, rom axali aRTqma qristes samoselsa (Himatia) da kvarTs (Chiton) gamijnavs erTmaneTisgan.

  

       cnobilia, rom qristes samoseli oTx nawilad gayes da mis jvarcmaSi monawile TviToeulma erma TiTo nawili miiRo, xolo kvarTi, romelic RvTismSoblis xeliT iyo naqsovi da mas ieso mTeli sicocxlis manZilze atarebda, kenWisyris safuZvelze gadasces qarTvel ebraelebs _ eliozsa da longinozs, romlebmac igi  ierusalimidan samSobloSi CamoabrZanes da mcxeTaSi daabrZanes. mdinareebis mtkvrisa da aragvis SesayarTan, iq sadac dRes sveticxovlis wminda taZari mdebareobs.

     swored am faqtis gamo mcxeTa meore irusalimad iwoda. qarTvelTa rwmena kvarTis adgilsamyofelisadmi imdenad Rrma da erTsulovani iyo, rom qarTvelma mefeebma samefo gerbis ZiriTadi nawili swored am siwmindes dauTmes.

       SemTxveviTi ar aris arc is garemoeba,  rom aietma oqros sawmiss mdinare fasisis napirze, aresis WalaSi, did muxaze miuCina adgili. aresi berZnuli miTologiis Tanaxmad, omis RmerTi _ romauli marsia.

    brZolis RvTaebis Tayvaniscemis adgilad iTvleboda mcxeTa, farnavazidan moyolebuli vidre qarTvelT ganmamnaTlebel wminda ninos mosvlamde. mosaxleoba armazs, igive xeTur armas (mTvaris RvTaeba) scemdა Tayvans, romelic aseve brZolis RmerTad moiazreboda (razec metyvelebs Tavad armazis kerpis meomari RvTaebis aRwerilobac). amdenad, miTiuri aresis Walisa da mcxeTis istoriuli warsuli da adgilebis toponimika: armazis mTa, zadeni_zedazeni (sakerpe adgils niSnavs) metyveli dadasturebaa igiveobisa.

“oqros sawmisis” miTologiur saxismetyvelebaSi gancxadebulia aseve umaRlesi saidumlo, romelic qristianobis ideologiis arssa da safuZvels warmoadgens. gvelma, romelmac adami evas saSualebiT acduna da wminda saunjis dakargviT mTeli kacobrioba gansacdelSi Caagdo, RvTisave daSvebiT, kvlav daibrunebda pirvelsawyiss. borotebis sawyisi, gvelis saxiT, damarcxdeboda dedakacis (medeas) daxmarebiT da mamakaci (iasoni) kvlav eziareboda adamis dacemuli bunebis aRdgenas.

       rac Seexeba muxis xis ikonografias, sicocxlis, siZlieris simboloa da saqarTvelos alegoriul saxes warmoadgens (Sdr. ”mumli muxasa”, sadac muxa alegoriuli saxea saqarTvelosi, xolo mumli _ mtrisa). muxis xe prototipia sidonias saflavze amosuli kviparosisa, romelmac saswaulebrivi Zala SeiZina da ”cocxal svetad” sveticxovlad iqca. orive SemTxvevaSi sicocxlis xis kultTan gvaqvs kavSiri da ”Arbor mund”-is koncefcias ukavSirdeba.

    sainteresoa svidas leqsikonis ganmarTeba. antikur, elinistur da bizantiur wyaroebze dayrdnobiT X saukuneSi Sedgenili ganmartebiTi leqsikonis Tanaxmad oqros bewviani sawmisi, romelic argonavtebma kolxeTSi, moipoves, movlenis poeturad gadmocemuli alegoriuli formaa. 

amdenad, miTis “oqros sawmisis” saxismetyveleba aris winaswarmetyveleba macxovris gankacebisa, adamis codvis sanacvlod misi zvarakad Sewirvisa da wminda kvarTis saqarTveloSi davanebisa. aTaswleulebis win nawinaswarmetyvelebi axda, swored uflis kvarTi gaxda qristianuli saqarTvelos wminda saunje da keTildReobis garanti, iseve rogorc “oqros sawmisi” iyo garanti kolxTa Zlevamosilebisa da keTildReobisa.  yovelive es ki “argonavtikaSi” asaxulia alegoriuli saxiT, rac ase axasiaTebs religiur da miTologiur azrovnebas. simboloebiT xelSesaxebi saxe eZleva imas rac iluzorulia. igi erTaderTi universaluri enaa, romelic saSualebas iZleva sakraluri samyaros gadmocemisa. amitomac miiCneva, rom RvTis arsis Sesaxeb saubari mxolod simbolur da metaforul formebSia SesaZlebeli. ufalic xom araerTgzis mimarTavda am xerxs da msmenels igavebiT esaubreboda.

       Tqven mogecaT RvTis sasufevelTa codna, _ eubneba ieso mowafeebs, xolo sxvebs igavebiT eTqmis. “amisaTvis igaviT vetyvi maT, rameTu hxedven da ara hxedven, esmis da ara esmis, arca gu _ lis xma _ yvian.” (maTe. XIII. 11-13).

                        lela  arboliSvili